#!/usr/bin/perl

# A hash is a variable that holds a (mostly) unordered list.

# Extracting hash elements
%employee = ('first'      => 'Douglas',
             'last'       => 'Miles',
             'middle'     => 'E',
             'position'   => 'Perl Programmer Extraordinaire',
             'salary'     => 200000,
             'department' => 'Internet Services',
             'company'    => 'Bowne');
print "Hash elements:\n";
print "Employee: $employee{'last'}, $employee{'first'} $employee{'middle'}\n\n";

# Hash slice
print "Hash slice:\n";
print "Employee: @employee{'first','middle','last'}\n\n";

# Hash flattening (list context)
print "Hash flattening:\n";
print join(', ', %employee) . "\n\n";

# Hash in scalar context
$scalar = %employee;
print "Hash in scalar context:\n";
print "Buckets: $scalar\n\n";

# keys
print "keys example:\n";
print((keys(%employee)), "\n");
print join(', ', keys(%employee)) . "\n\n";

# Number of keys
print "Number of keys example:\n";
print scalar(keys(%employee)), "\n\n";

# each
print "each example:\n";
print((each(%employee)), "\n\n");

# values
print "values example:\n";
print((values(%employee)), "\n");
print join(', ', values(%employee)) . "\n\n";

# exists
print "exists example:\n";
print exists($employee{'position'}) . "\n";

# delete
print "delete example:\n";
delete($employee{'position'});
print exists($employee{'position'}) . "\n";